Why your heat pump or AC system is safe under the latest EU F-gas regulation: what homeowners need to know
The recent amendment to the F-gas regulation has left heat pump owners and buyers wondering about the future of systems using synthetic refrigerants like R32. Here’s the good news: there’s no need to worry.
Following the entry into force of the updated F-gas regulation in March 2024, owners or future owners of a heat pump are unsure whether heat pumps using synthetic refrigerants like R32 need fixing or can still be installed. Let us start by giving you the short answer to that: there is no need to be concerned about the refrigerant used in the system you have or want to buy. In this article, we aim to provide you with answers to any questions you may have.
What is a refrigerant and why is it important?
A refrigerant is a crucial component in the operation of heat pumps and air conditioning systems. It is a fluid that facilitates heat transfer by absorbing heat from the indoor environment and releasing it outside, or vice versa, depending on whether the system is in heating or cooling mode. This process is essential for the efficient functioning of your heat pump or air conditioner, making the refrigerant a vital element in maintaining a comfortable home environment. Various refrigerants are used in modern heat pumps due to their distinct properties.
Global Warming Potential of refrigerants
Refrigerants differ in their climate impact, which is expressed in terms of their Global Warming Potential (GWP). The GWP measures the amount of heat a gas can trap in the atmosphere over a specific period, usually 100 years, compared to carbon dioxide (CO2). Refrigerants with a high GWP contribute significantly more to global warming when released into the atmosphere. In recent years for instance, the refrigerant R410A, with a GWP of 2088, has been gradually replaced by R32, with a GWP of 675, making the latter a more climate friendly option. R290 – commonly known as propane – has a GWP of 0.02.
The EU F-gas regulation
The EU F-gas regulation aims to control and reduce emissions of fluorinated greenhouse gases (F-gases). It sets limits on the use of these gases, promotes the development of more climate friendly alternatives, and includes measures for leakage prevention, certification of technicians, and reporting. An example of a product ban is the restriction on the sale of air-to-water heat pump units with R32, effective January 1, 2027.
What is the impact of F-gas on my heat pump?
The new F-gas regulation affects the ability to market a specific type of heat pump. However, it does not impact the long-term viability of a heat pump once it has been sold. In other words, all heat pumps installed in the EU are future proof. An installed heat pump will never need to be replaced, nor will it need a retrofit of another refrigerant until its end of life, which can typically be 15 years or more. No matter which system you choose, lifelong use and servicing of the unit is guaranteed.
Why are there different types of refrigerants?
The transition to lower GWP refrigerants aims to reduce the climate impact of heat pumps. However, as key components of a heat pump, refrigerants also vary in terms of safety, product performance, and affordability. A variety of refrigerants is required to ensure heat pumps can be used in a wide range of applications. For example, in cases where heat pumps with highly flammable refrigerants such as propane cannot be installed on a balcony with limited space, alternative options are provided, such as a heat pump with R32 refrigerant.
Creating a sustainable future
Refrigerants play an essential role in the operation of heat pumps and AC systems and as climate concerns grow, choosing the right refrigerant has become increasingly important due to its impact on global warming. Regulations like the EU F-gas Regulation are driving the transition to low-GWP refrigerants. While different refrigerants serve specific applications, advancements in technology continue to push the boundaries toward more efficient solutions. This evolution ensures that heat pumps remain a reliable and environmentally responsible choice for maintaining comfort in a changing world.
Daikin Altherma 4, Daikin's first heat pump with R-290 (propane)
Daikin Europe is proud to introduce Daikin Altherma 4 H, its first range of residential heat pumps with R-290 (propane) refrigerant designed for single family homes. The Daikin Altherma 4 H boasts an exceptional performance, providing hot water up to 75°C and operating down to -28°C. Rated A+++ for space heating energy efficiency, its superior performance and compatibility with existing heat-emitter systems make it a top choice for low carbon heating for both installers and end-users.
